语法检测-可省略连词

编辑:pitaya02        日期:2020-12-13

例1: While he was lying on the couch, the boy fell asleep.

“hewas”按照简化原则可以省略;而“while”是连词,表示“在…时”,现在分词有了表格式功能,因此可以省略 while而不影响句意,原句被简化为:

Lying on the

couch, the boy fell asleep.

除了要强调主句谓语和从句谓语之间的时间顺序关系外,一般可省略表时间的从连词,例如:

They all jumped

with joy when they heard the news.

=Hearing the

they all jumped with joy.(动词 heard仍为主动态)

He began to do

his homework when he returned home.

= Returning home

he began to do his homework.(returned动词仍为主动式)

例2: Because we didn't know her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.

按照" we"原则可以省略; know是主动态,因此使用现在分词;否定是重要的信息,不能省略; because能否省略还需要验证,原句简化为:

(Because) not

knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.

结果表明,这一因果关系并不十分明显,去除也无妨,可以进一步简化为:

Not knowing her

address, we couldn't get in touch with her.

相似的情况:

This article was

not so good because it was written in a hurry.

简单化之后:

Written in a

hurry, this article was not so good.

总而言之,如果主句的逻辑关系不强,或者时间关系不明显,连接词就可以被忽略。

二.连词无法省略的情形

例1:After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.

漏掉连词就成:

Thinking it over, please let me know what you decide.

时序关系完全不能体现,因此连词必须保留:

After thinking it over, please let me know what you decide.

例2:Although he

was shot in the knee, he killed three more enemies.

漏掉连词就成:

Shot in the

knee, he killed three more enemies.

妥协关系完全不能体现,因此连词必须保持:

Although shot in

the knee, he killed three more enemies.

总而言之,如果主句的逻辑关系较强,如让步、转向等,或强调先后/同时发生在时间上,不宜省略连词。如果遵循一般原则,是否可以省略连词,则需要具体情况具体分析。

(2)一些较特殊的结构

I.Having done与having been done

很多学习者对所谓“现在分词完成式”颇感困惑,事实上,它的出现有两种情形:1.原句有完成时;2.原句包含着明显的时间顺序关系。having done和 having been done作状语本质上仍是状语从句的简化:

He didn't want to try again because he had failed twice.

在简单化原则下, fail是主动的,应改为 failing,即

Failing twice,

he didn't want to try again.

他失败了两次,不想再试了。尽管基本达意,但与原作中所表达的“已经历过两次失败,他不想再尝试”还有一定差距,因此最好还是保持完成态。而且 had+ done是主动完成态,因此必须将它转换为现在的主动分词形式,即 having+ done:

Having failed

twice, he didn't want to try again.

这就是第一种情况,原句有完成时态。二是“原句包含明显的时间顺序关系”,在这种情况下,原句通常有一个“after”连接:

She went home

after she finished her work.

按照简化原则, finish是主动的,应改为 finishing,即:

Finishing her

work, she went home.

她做完工作回家了。

虽然这一点也很基本,但与原文“她完成了工作才回家”的联系中所表达的意思还是有差距的,应该保留连词 after,改为:

After finishing

her work, she went home.

谈到过去时,我曾经说过“从属连词 after已经强烈地暗示了顺序关系,加或不加 had已经不重要了”,所以这句话就是 She

went home after she (had) finished her work.

在使用完毕后可达到异曲同工的效果:

Having finished

her work, she went home.

Having been done

having been done是 having done的被动结构,其简化方式与 havedone大致相同:

Because they had

been warned, they proceeded carefully.

可简化如下:

After warned,

hey proceeded carefully,或者:

Having been warned,

they proceeded carefully.

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